The En-ROADs on-line climate policy simulation model  (https://en-roads.climateinteractive.org/scenario.html?v=2.7.15) it a tool that can be used to estimate the impact of various policies on the expected temperature increase for 2100:

"En-ROADS is a transparent, freely-available policy simulation model that provides policymakers, educators, businesses, the media, and the public with the ability to explore, for themselves, the likely consequences of energy, economic growth, land use, and other policies and uncertainties, with the goal of improving their understanding. The simulation, developed by Climate Interactive, VentanaSystems

For the "1.5°C Pathway (1) all of the "inputs" (coal, renewables, etc.)  except "population" are "toggled" to the most favorable for reducing the temperature increase and (2) all "start years" were set to 2025.  For completeness, the graphs for population (low growth and high growth)  and high economic  growth are included. 

Link: https://en-roads.climateinteractive.org/scenario.html?p1=120&p2=2025&p202=2025&p7=100&p8=2025&p204=2025&p10=6&p11=2025&p206=2025&p16=-0.07&p17=2025&p23=-30&p24=2025&p30=-0.07&p31=2025&p35=2&p39=250&p40=2025&p41=30&p47=5&p48=2025&p50=5&p51=2025&p53=5&p54=2025&p55=5&p56=2025&p57=-10&p58=2025&p59=-100&p60=-50&p61=-50&p62=2025&p65=100&p66=2025&p67=54&v=2.7.19

Since the EN-ROADS simulator shows that 1.5°C is reached (1) with a climate sensitivity of 3(which is likely low) and (2) with no emissions from natural feedbacks (which almost certainly cause significant additional warming),  is not very useful in evaluating policy options as ALL policies must be implemented to the maximum extent possible (i.e., there are no "trade-offs").  In order to be useful the model would need to include both costs and significant more detail for each of the "indicators". For example, " Buildings and industry energy efficiency" improvements provides one of the largest contributions. But this can't be addressed with a single policy as there  are dozens of individual improvements which need to be examined for cost, social acceptability, etc. (E.g., will Americans be willing swap out their gas furnaces more expensive electric alternatives?)

A user can see the effect of changing values for the various model "inputs" on the temperature increase but

1.None of the "indicators" directly impact the "average citizen", so the message is that the government and industry are solely responsible for emission reduction and all of us can continue our consumption-based lifestyle with only minor "inconveniences".  However, "maxing out" on "Methane and Other" requires huge societal and individual changes for meat, etc, and this is not indicated anywhere.

2.There is no mention of the societal changes that will be needed and the difficulty of implementing them

3.There is no mention of the associated costs (total costs by year, increase in gasoline prices, increase in home utility bills, increase in taxes, reduction of disposable income, costs to home owners/renters for energy efficiency improvements, dietary changes, etc.).  We can "afford" to pay the necessary costs but will politicians be willing to raise (and commit) the necessary funds? That is an impossible question to answer without a more detailed analysis of the cost - we will likely to be willing to  fund $100/year but not likely $5Trillion/year.

4.The user cannot determine the "carbon budget" for the scenario (needed for comparison to the IPCC reports)

Discourage or encourage mining coal and burning it in power plants. Coal is the most harmful fossil fuel in terms of carbon emissions, as well as in air pollutants that cause severe health impacts. It is a dominant source of energy globally, however, because it is relatively cheap to mine and transport.

120         Coal (tax/subsidy)    $/tce (very highly taxed)

2025       Coal tax/subsidy start year

2100       Coal tax/subsidy stop year

0              % Reduction in coal utilization percent

2025       % Reduction in coal utilization start year

2100       % Reduction in coal utilization stop year

N             Stop building new coal infrastructure

2025           Year to stop building new coal infrastructure

0              Coal plant accelerated retirement %

0              Coal carbon capture & storage (CCS) (tax/subsidy) $/kWh

0              Coal CCS R&D breakthrough cost reduction percent

Discourage or encourage drilling, refining, and consuming oil for energy. Oil is a fossil fuel that is used widely in cars, ships, and planes; it is also used for industry, heating, and electricity. Access to oil has sparked major conflicts and oil spills can threaten ecosystems and water.

100         Oil (tax/subsidy) $/boe  (very highly taxed)

2025       Oil tax/subsidy start year

2100       Oil tax/subsidy stop year

0              % Reduction in oil utilization percent

2025       % Reduction in oil utilization start year

2100       % Reduction in oil utilization stop year

N             Stop building new oil infrastructure 

2025          Year to stop building new oil infrastructure

Discourage or encourage drilling and burning natural gas for energy. Natural Gas is a fossil fuel that is used for electricity, heating, and industry. When burned, it releases carbon dioxide (although less than coal and oil) and, if leaked into the air, it contains high amounts of methane. Natural gas drilling uses large amounts of water and can cause contamination.

6.0          Natural Gas (tax/subsidy) $/Mcfvery highly taxed

2025       Natural Gas tax/subsidy start year

2100       Natural Gas tax/subsidy stop year

0              % Reduction in gas utilization percent

2025       % Reduction in gas utilization start year

2100       % Reduction in gas utilization stop year

N             Stop building new gas infrastructure 

2025          Year to stop building new gas infrastructure

3              Methane leakage rate %

0              Gas carbon capture & storage (CCS) (tax/subsidy)  $/kWh

0              Gas CCS R&D breakthrough cost reduction percent

Encourage or discourage building nuclear power plants. Nuclear power production does not release carbon dioxide, but it produces waste that has to be managed for centuries.

-0.07      Nuclear (tax/subsidy)  $/kWh highly subsidized

2025       Nuclear tax/subsidy start year

2100       Nuclear tax/subsidy stop year

0              Nuclear R&D breakthrough cost reduction percent

2030       Nuclear breakthrough year

Encourage or discourage building solar panels, geothermal, and wind turbines. Renewable energy includes wind, solar, geothermal, hydropower, and other technologies that produce energy with little to no carbon dioxide emissions or air pollution. Note that nuclear and bioenergy are considered separately.

-0.07      Renewables (tax/subsidy) $/kWh highly subsidized

2025       Renewables tax/subsidy start year

2100       Renewables tax/subsidy stop year

0              Renewables R&D breakthrough cost reduction percent

2030       Renewables breakthrough year

0              Storage R&D breakthrough cost reduction percent

2030       Storage breakthrough year

Discover a brand-new cheap source of electricity that does not emit greenhouse gases. Some speculate that such a breakthrough could be nuclear fusion or thorium-based nuclear fission, however, there are unknown risks associated with any new energy supply. Decide when the breakthrough occurs, its initial cost relative to coal, and how long the delays in commercialization and scale up would be.

2              Number of huge New Technology breakthroughs

2100       New Technology breakthrough year

10           New Technology time to commercialize (years)

2              Initial cost relative to coal

Set a global carbon price that makes coal, oil, and gas more expensive depending on how much carbon dioxide they release. Energy producers frequently pass additional costs to their customers, so policy must be designed to minimize the impacts on the poorest.

250         Carbon Price $/ton          very high

2025       Year carbon price starts to phase in

10           Years to achieve initial carbon price - years

0              Final carbon price (adjust "Year to start..." below) $/ton CO2

2100       Year to start achieving final carbon price

10           Years to achieve final carbon price -years

100         Emissions performance standard - ton CO2/TJ

2025       Emissions performance standard start year

Increase or decrease the energy efficiency of vehicles, shipping, air travel, and transportation systems. Energy efficiency includes things like hybrid cars, expanded public transport, and ways that people can get around using less energy. Adopting more energy efficient practices can improve public health and save money.

4.9          Transport energy efficiency -  percent/year  highly increased

2025       Start year

Increase or decrease purchases of new electric cars, trucks, buses, trains, and ships. Using electric motors for transport helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution if the electricity is from low carbon sources like solar and wind.

-0.2        Transport electrification percent/year

2025       Year electrification of transport accelerates

Increase or decrease the energy efficiency of buildings, appliances, and other machines. Energy efficiency includes things like building well-insulated homes and reducing the amount of energy factories use. Energy efficient practices can save money through reduced energy needs as well as improve the health of people in those buildings.

5              Buildings and industry energy efficiency   percent/year

2025       Start year

5              Rate of buildings and industry retrofitting percent/year

2025       Start year

Increase or decrease the use of electricity, instead of fuels like oil or gas, in buildings, appliances, heating systems, and other machines. Using electric motors only helps reduce emissions and improve air quality if the electricity is from low carbon sources like solar and wind.

5              Electrification of buildings and industry  percent/year highly incentivized

2025       Year electrification of buildings and industry accelerates

Assume higher or lower population growth. While there is an expected trajectory of population growth, there are steps like women?s education and access to family planning that have been shown to accelerate shifts to smaller families, which would slow population growth.

Population (UN Scenario range)

1.3          low growth

Assume higher or lower growth in goods produced and services provided. Economic Growth is measured in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per person and is a key driver in energy consumption. Alternatives exist to meeting people?s needs through economic frameworks not based on constant GDP growth.

Economic growth (GDP per person)

1.7          percent/year Low Growth

Decrease or increase the loss of forests for agricultural and wood product uses. Deforestation often entails burning and removing forests to clear land for crops like soybeans, corn, or palm oil. Forest protection efforts increase biodiversity and can support community resilience.

-10          Deforestation (reduce/increase) percent/year highly reduced

2025       Deforestation start year

Decrease or increase greenhouse gas emissions from methane, nitrous oxide, and the f-gases. Methane is released from sources like cows, agriculture, natural gas drilling, and waste. Nitrous oxide comes from fertilizers. The f-gases, includes HFCs, PFCs, and others that are used in industry and consumer goods like air conditioners.

-100 %   Methane and other gases (reduce/increase) highly reduced - 100%

Individual Settings

0              Agricultural and waste emissions (CH₄ & N₂O) %

0              Energy and industry emissions (CH₄, N₂O, & F-gases) %

2025       Other greenhouse gases start year

Plant new forests and restore old forests. As trees grow, they draw carbon out of the air, which reduces the concentration of carbon dioxide. However, without care, large-scale afforestation can compromise biodiversity and historical land rights.

100 %    Percent available land for afforestation high growth

2025       Afforestation start year

10           Time to secure land for afforestation years

30           Afforestation planting time years

Pull carbon dioxide out of the air with new technologies that enhance natural removals or manually sequester and store carbon. Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) technologies include: direct air capture, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), biochar, and others (but not including coal or gas CCS). CDR is not yet used widely, and most approaches face significant barriers to deployment.

100         %Technological carbon removal (% of max potential) high growth

Individual Settings

0%          Bioenergy carbon capture & storage (BECCS) (% of max potential)

2025       BECCS start year

0%          Direct air capture (% of max potential)

2030       Direct air capture start year

0%          Enhanced mineralization (% of max potential)

2030       Enhanced mineralization start year

0%          Agricultural soil carbon sequestration (% of max potential)

0%          Agricultural soil carbon start year2025Biochar (% of max potential)

2025       Biochar start year